The Firepower of Terror: The Weapons of War Fueling Terrorist Violence in Africa

• In Event: Guns, Terrorism, and Conspiracy Theories

Abstract

The escalation of armed violence in Africa by jihadist groups such as Al-Shabaab, ISIS affiliates, and Al-Qaeda-linked non-state actors has been marked by the increasing sophistication and diversification of their weaponry. This study examines the types of arms these groups deploy, tracing their evolution toward heavier weapons and military-grade equipment. Using data from international security monitoring databases, unclassified assessments, and conflict reports, this research analyzes the actors involved, the scale of their arsenals, and the tactical use of these weapons to maximize operational impact. The findings highlight a shift from conventional firearms to mortars, heavy artillery, and advanced explosives, with some groups demonstrating distinct weapon preferences. The study also assesses countermeasures aimed at disrupting the proliferation of arms among these groups. Framing the analysis within criminological perspectives on organized violence, transnational terrorism, and the militarization of non-state actors, this research deepens our understanding of how weapons shape terrorist strategies and conflict escalation. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted policy interventions to disrupt illicit weapons supply chains and mitigate the growing threat posed by well-armed extremist organizations.

Author

• Pearl Matibe, George Mason University