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Parliamentary activity is the active exercise of procedural and political prerogatives assigned to a parliament and/or its members through constitutional privilege or internal standing orders. Occasions of politically-relevant parliamentary activity are relatively rare in non-democratic systems, and their outcomes are often ultimately quixotic under such conditions. Yet many long-lasting electoral authoritarian regimes have found themselves startled by one or another such form of parliamentary political activity nevertheless, whether constructive or destructive. This paper investigates the conditions and means by which parliamentary bodies in electoral authoritarian regimes activate in this way as sites of inter-elite contention, opposition obstruction, or loyalist policy-making activity. To do so, this paper engages in a theory-building exercise, using a qualitative analytic narrative of the Russian State Duma as a model case for longstanding electoral authoritarian rule. It finds evidence to support a structural-institutional theory of authoritarian parliamentary activity, and concludes with further avenues for research.