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This paper will analyze original historical texts about Croatian ruler King Tomislav, the question of his royal title and the differences between the use of medieval term "rex" as "ruler of the people" and "ruler of the state." The origin of the theory of Tomislav's royal title in the second half of the 19th century was used to resist Hungarization. The memory of King Tomislav and the Croatian Kingdom was also integral to both resist and support the Royal Yugoslav state after 1918 (e.g., in 1925 when the 1000th anniversary of King Tomislav's coronation was celebrated) and the Yugoslav Communist regime after 1945.