The Role of Telegram in Wartime Ukraine: Trust, Utility, and Controversy

• In Event: From Digital Tricksters to Social Media: Rethinking Information Technology in the Post-Soviet Space

Abstract

This study explores Telegram’s role in Ukraine’s information ecosystem during the Russian invasion, amid scrutiny over its moderation policies and role in spreading harmful content. The analysis draws on a survey of 2,014 Ukrainians (August 2024) and interviews with media experts.
Telegram is one of Ukraine’s most popular and trusted platforms, with 86% of respondents having an account and 47% finding it trustworthy. This reliance, coupled with concerns over its influence, has led to calls for restrictions, some already enacted.
The study uses multilevel logistic regression models to identify factors driving Telegram use and trust. Users report decreasing Russian content consumption while increasing reliance on Ukrainian sources and overall media engagement. Trusted for government updates, news, and war-related alerts, Telegram is seen as a vital source of uncensored information, with usage strongly linked to rejecting censorship. Rather than replacing other media, Telegram complements them, as users also engage more with other online sources.
The study highlights Telegram’s role as a source of diverse, uncensored information from traditional media, government sources, international outlets, and independent voices, including those of unverified affiliation. Ukrainians rely on Telegram for the practical utility of its “channel” feature, allowing users to curate personalized news feeds. Combining the immediacy of social media with the focus of newsletters, they serve as an aggregator of trusted information.
While valid concerns exist about risks of reliance on Telegram, restricting access could hinder Ukrainians’ ability to obtain reliable information. This research offers an empirical basis for ongoing debates about Telegram’s impact.

Author

• Elizaveta Chernenko, Oxford Internet Inst (UK)