Ruthenians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 17th-Century German Texts: Main Stereotypes

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Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the key stereotypes present in various German texts of the 16th century. As the Reformation swept across Europe, it had a significant impact on the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, particularly in the region of Ruthenia. The religious and political transformations of this period influenced how different ethnic and cultural groups were perceived and represented in contemporary writings. This study will examine the earlier depictions of Ruthenians originating from the Baltic Crusades and assess any potential shifts in these perceptions during the Age of Reformation.

By evaluating a range of German printed materials, the paper seeks to identify and categorize the most prevalent stereotypes associated with Ruthenians. The emergence of Protestantism, the counter-reactions from Catholic institutions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and local context of Orthodox culture together with the broader ideological struggles of the time played a crucial role in shaping these images. Additionally, the study will explore how these stereotypes were influenced by geopolitical interests, religious propaganda, and the broader discourse on Eastern Europe within the northern Protestant German region.

Through a comparative analysis of historical sources, this research aims to shed light on the extent to which traditional medieval views persisted and whether new narratives emerged. Ultimately, understanding these portrayals will contribute to a broader discussion on early modern European perceptions of cultural and ethnic identities.

Author

• Povilas Mikalauskas, Vytautas Magnus U (Lithuania)