Articulation of Interests, Perceptions, and Grand Strategy in a Smaller State: The Case of Azerbaijan

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Abstract

While existing research often treats smaller-state behavior as reactive to major powers and external forces, this study challenges such oversimplifications by focusing on how leaders of smaller states articulate their grand strategy and interests, and express their perceptions of internal and external threats, opportunities, and constraints. Using Azerbaijan as a case study, this paper examines the leader’s articulation of goals and perceptions. Through qualitative content analysis of presidential speeches, it demonstrates how elite ideas reveal the ideational foundations of Azerbaijan’s grand strategy. The research shows that Azerbaijan’s foreign policy worldview is not solely shaped by external pressures; internal issues and state-specific factors also play a significant role. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating leaders' ideas and perceptions into theories of smaller-state foreign policy, contributing to the growing literature on the role of ideas in international politics.

Author

• Gunay Khalilova, U of Delaware