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According to Lenin’s 1908 letter to Gorky, his philosophical disagreements with Alexander Bogdanov began soon after their first meeting in 1904, though he initially downplayed their significance. However, by 1906, Lenin’s reading of Bogdanov’s Empiriomonism provoked intense anger, reflecting deeper tensions over Marxist orthodoxy. This paper argues that Lenin’s commitment to Plekhanov’s metaphysical materialism shaped Bolshevik philosophy into a rigid, dualist system that prioritized matter over mind and prescribed fixed directives for socialist projects.