Electoral Integrity and Democracy in Bulgaria

• In Event: Bulgaria and the Russo-Ukraine War

Abstract

Since transitioning to democracy in 1989, Bulgaria has faced significant challenges in maintaining electoral integrity, profoundly affecting public confidence in its democratic processes. Frequent political instability has led to seven parliamentary elections within just over three years, reflecting a fragmented political landscape and hindering the formation of stable governments. Multiple cabinets have faced no confidence votes which hinders legislative productivity and heightens citizens’ disillusionment and fatigue with Bulgaria’s dysfunctional democratic system. Many voters complain that politicians spend more time cobbling together government coalitions and less time governing. Corruption remains pervasive, with issues such as unregulated lobbying, vote-buying, and compromised judicial independence undermining the democratic system's credibility. These systemic problems have eroded public trust, as evidenced by a Gallup survey indicating that only 10% of Bulgarians trust the integrity of their elections—the lowest level globally. This pervasive distrust has led to voter apathy, low turnout, and increased support for radical political groups, further destabilizing the nation's political environment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for restoring voter confidence and ensuring the resilience of Bulgaria's democratic institutions. This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of compromised electoral integrity on Bulgaria’s democracy.

Author

• Tatiana Rizova, Christopher Newport U