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Gender mainstreaming is a global strategy promoted by the United Nations, and it aims to achieve gender equality by incorporating gender elements into all areas of policy and practice. This approach is not only a key focus of the United Nations' broader agenda but also an intergovernmental mandate in every focus area, including the field of education. As a country with a population of over 280 million, Indonesia is also home to over 20 million secondary school students. Indonesia has committed to implementing gender mainstreaming strategies in its developmental policies since 2000. This commitment is manifested in the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2005-2025 and reaffirmed in the RPJPN 2025-2045.Over the past 24 years, international development agencies have collaborated with the Indonesian government and other stakeholders to support initiatives and design specific tools to achieve equality between boys and girls in education. Despite these efforts, achieving an equitable learning environment is a complex process that involves evolving narratives and discourses that result in both progress and challenges. This literature study aims to explore these narratives and discourses that can inform the ongoing efforts and bottlenecks in achieving full gender equality in Indonesian secondary education by analyzing the intersection of policy design and implementation, stakeholders’ collaboration, and local context.