The Civilianization of Police Forces in Latin America: Opportunities and Challenges in Law Enforcement Modernization

• In Event: POLWG Panel 9. Civilian Staff in policing: Experiences and evolving opportunities

Abstract

In recent years, Latin American police institutions have faced growing pressure to adapt to new security challenges, including rising violent crime rates, transnational criminal organizations, and evolving forms of cybercrime. In response, many police agencies have begun incorporating civilian professionals with specialized expertise in areas such as data analysis, criminology, and forensic sciences. This process, known as "civilianization," aims to modernize law enforcement through evidence-based and intelligence-led policing strategies.

This study examines the integration of civilian professionals into Carabineros de Chile, exploring the structural, cultural, and organizational barriers they face. Drawing from qualitative interviews with civilian analysts and police officers, the research highlights key tensions, including resistance from uniformed personnel, perceptions of legitimacy within the institution, and the precarious job stability of civilian employees. Additionally, the study addresses the impact of hierarchical structures and police culture on the effectiveness of civilian contributions to public security.

Findings suggest that while civilianization has the potential to enhance police efficiency and strategic capabilities, its success is contingent upon institutional willingness to foster collaboration and recognize civilian expertise. This research contributes to a broader discussion on police reform, offering insights into the benefits and challenges of integrating civilian personnel in law enforcement agencies across Latin America.

Author

• Ignacio Eduardo Cid Pozo, University of Lausanne