How does the availability of and access to support systems during the transition from out-of-home care influence care leavers’ contact with the criminal justice system?

• In Event: Contested concepts of 'care' in contemporary juvenile justice

Abstract

This literature review examines support systems for young individuals transitioning out of care, focusing on their interactions with the criminal justice system. It analyses 21 articles and one book chapter, using varied research methodologies from the US, UK, Australia, and Sweden. The findings highlight the importance of support systems in facilitating successful transitions out of care, emphasising themes such as supportive relationships, early preparation, and emotional support. The review identifies barriers like inadequate emotional support and challenges in accessing resources, which contribute to care leavers' heightened risk of involvement with the criminal justice system. This highlights the need for tailored interventions to ensure smoother transitions and reduce criminal justice engagement.

To better understand these dynamics, the review incorporates a theoretical framework based on Social Bond Theory, illustrating how weakened social bonds—such as a lack of attachment to supportive adults—can increase the likelihood of justice system involvement. By applying this perspective, the review provides a structured approach to analysing the impact of support systems and identifying key factors that contribute to positive or negative outcomes. Overall, the review offers insights into the complexities of support systems and their role in shaping care leavers' transitions, reinforcing the importance of policy and practice interventions.

Author

• Kylie Gill, University of Limerick