P121. The Victim-Offender Cycle: Gender Differences and Experience of Domestic Violence during Childhood in a Sample of Incarcerated Individuals in Portugal

• In Event: Poster Session & Ice Cream Social

Abstract

Between 2022 and 2023, 6.432 cases of domestic violence against children and adolescents were reported to the Portuguese Association for Victim Support (APAV). Recent studies have shown that experiencing victimization or witnessing violence against a parent can lead to significant emotional and behavioral challenges. These challenges may include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), deviant behavior, and aggression. Additionally, individuals may experience developmental delays, anxiety, and low self-esteem. The effects of this can persist into adulthood, contributing to ongoing issues such as trauma, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, and partner violence.
This study examines the victim-offender cycle by comparing childhood experiences of domestic violence in incarcerated women and men and exploring their impact on criminal trajectories. 323 incarcerated individuals (164 women, 159 men) from Portuguese prisons completed a survey that sought background information, and the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. The results demonstrated that women, when compared to men, reported higher levels of emotional and physical abuse, and exposure to parental violence, with the mother/stepmother being the victim. In contrast, men reported higher levels of physical neglect and exposure to parental violence, with the father/stepfather being the victim. Additional correlations indicate that exposure to domestic violence leads to an earlier first-time incarceration. Further analyses are currently being developed to understand the impact of exposure to domestic violence on individuals' criminal careers.
These findings challenge stereotypical perceptions of incarcerated individuals, emphasizing how deeply ingrained preconceived notions can shape responses within the criminal justice system. A failure to acknowledge the complex relationship between victimization and offending may result in inadequate policies and interventions, ultimately reinforcing cycles of violence and criminal behavior. By shedding light on the intricacies of the victim-offender cycle, this research seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of this phenomenon.

Authors

• Ana Beatriz Machado, Universidade do Minho

• Ricardo Jorge Freire, Querer Ser - Associação para o Desenvolvimento Social

• Marina Leonor Pinheiro, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

• Daniela Oliveira, Universidade do Minho

• Matilde Gamelas, Universidade do Minho

• Inês Lomba, Universidade do Minho

• Sõnia Maria Martins Caridade, Escola de Psicologia da Universidade do Minho

• Olga Cunha, University of Minho