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This study examines the association among adolescent motivations for social media use, social comparison tendencies and gender on whether adolescents report online aggression victimization and/or perpetrate cyberbullying. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression conducted on data from a national online panel survey of middle adolescents (N = 340) reveals that social media use, romantic motivations, social belongingness motivations and greater social comparison tendencies predicted online aggression victimization (R2 = .38). Information motivations and entertainment motivations negatively predict online aggression perpetration, but romantic motivations, social comparison, and social media use were positive predictors of online aggression perpetration (R2 = .34). Further examination of interactions and indirect effects reveal that romantic motivations for social media use are an important predictor of involvement in online aggression among adolescents.