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This study examines how the difference in political system differentiates the impacts of
Internet proliferation on citizens’ political participation. This study brings the institutions as political opportunity structure influencing the citizens’ political participation. Constructing and using comparative datasets, this study has revealed three findings. One, the interaction between the Internet proliferation and proportional representation system has relatively more positive impacts on voter turnout at the aggregated level. Two, individual probability of participating in a demonstration and political meeting/rally gets higher in the proportional representation system as the Internet proliferation increases. Three, the individual probability of participating in contacting politicians, signing petitions and expressing political views online gets relatively higher under the plurality system as the Internet proliferation increases. These findings will shed lights on the literature that contemplates the institutions as embedded social structure penetrating the relation between political actions and new media.