China–Brazil Economic Relations in a Global Scenario of Tension

• In Event: The Commercial Cooperation Between China and Latin America and the Caribbean: Achievements and Prospects

Abstract

The relationship between China and Brazil has been strategic and deep since the beginning of the 21st century, remaining strong even during Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency, which had to moderate its initial criticism in light of China’s economic importance. With Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s return to power in 2023, bilateral ties strengthened further and reached the level of a Global Strategic Partnership in 2024, following the signing of 37 agreements in key areas such as the economy, agriculture, health, the automotive industry, and space technology. Amid rising tensions with the United States and Europe, China is intensifying its engagement with the Global South, with Brazil playing a central role. Both countries promote a shared agenda to defend the interests of the Global South, advocate for a more equitable international order, and counter U.S. protectionism. Within the BRICS framework, they are exploring alternatives to the Western-led financial system, generating friction with Washington. Nevertheless, Brazil’s foreign policy remains pragmatic, avoiding direct confrontation with the U.S. while deepening its strategic ties with China. This dynamic positions Brazil and China as key players in an increasingly polarize international landscape.

Author

• Maria Florencia Rubiolo, CONICET / Universidad Siglo 21