Deference and Defiance: Battlefield Setbacks, Military Advice, and Presidential Decision-Making During Wartime*

• In Event: Perceptions and Power of Military and Civilian Elites

Brief Overview

Why might presidents defy their military advisors during wartime? I argue that the manner by which presidents resolve disagreements within their inner circle of advisors during earlier decision periods will shape subsequent strategic reassessments.

Author

• Theo Milonopoulos, Columbia University