When do Parties Become Illiberal? A Test of Three Models on the Rise of Illiberal Parties in 24 European Democracies.

• In Event: Elections and Democratic Backsliding in Post-Communist Countries

Brief Overview

When do illiberal parties emerge? We describe the illiberal views of 205 parties in Europe and test three models. Do they emerge because (1) a failure of representation (2) the views of mass publics (3) or nations’ socio-economic conditions?

Authors

• Robert Rohrschneider, University of Kansas

• Mark Peffley, University of Kentucky

• Stephen Whitefield, University of Oxford