How Dictators Can Have Their Cake and Eat It Too: Ballot Order Manipulation in Russia, Vietnam, and China

• In Event: Institutions and Elites in Authoritarian Regimes

Brief Overview

We found that authoritarian leaders in Russia, China, and Vietnam learned to harness the ballot order effect to subtly manipulate the outcome of elections.

Authors

• Minh Duc Trinh, Harvard University

• Jason Douglas Todd, Duke Kunshan University