Electoral Bias and Authoritarianism: A Comparative Analysis of the Post-Civil War American South, Indira Gandhi’s Emergency in India, and Viktor Orbán’s Rise in Hungary

• In Event: Representation in Time and Space

Brief Overview

Applying a new measure of electoral bias (DPIx), I demonstrate how electoral bias has contributed to the rise of authoritarianism in the Jim Crow South in the US (1870–1965), during India’s “Emergency” (1975– ‘77), and in present-day Hungary (2010–)

Author

• Bernard Tamas, Valdosta State University