The Price of Retaliation: Understanding Costly Reciprocity in International Relations

• In Event: Deterrence, Coercion, and Conflict

Brief Overview

Why do countries go out of their way to return insults or injuries? I explore the individual motivations for costly reciprocity in IR, using a survey experiment on a representative US sample, as well as text analysis of global elite communications.

Author

• Andrew Roskos-Ewoldsen, University of California-Davis