Does Citizenship Deliver? Persistent Gaps in Employment and Earnings after Naturalization

• In Event: Governing Membership: Citizenship, Naturalization, and the Politics of Inclusion

Brief Overview

Naturalization does not boost immigrant economic outcomes. Using 22 years of NLSY97 data, it’s linked to declines in employment (−9.7 pts), income (−11.8%), and income growth (−4.2 pts), with worse effects for women and non-White immigrants.

Author

• Rakkshet Singhaal, Yale University