Does Executive Action Work? Evidence from Military Subsidies to Policing

• In Event: Executive Action by Presidents and Governors

Brief Overview

We study the effects of presidential executive actions by analyzing the 1033 Program. Using a new LEA-quarter dataset (2014–2025) and event-study DiD design, we estimate how (de)militarization and orders shape crime, officer safety, and use-of-force.

Authors

• Heonuk Ha, University of Michigan

• Kenny Lowande, University of Michigan