A Special Place in Hell: How Gender Resentment Limits the Effectiveness of Campaign Spending by Female Candidates

• In Event: Contemporary Developments in Campaigns and Elections

Brief Overview

Using data on Congressional candidates from 2016-2024, we find gender resentment, measured as hostile sexism, decreases the impact of spending for female House candidates, particularly for female Democratic candidates, by members of their own party.

Authors

• Nicole Kalaf-Hughes, Bowling Green State University, Main Campus

• Debra Lynn Leiter, University of Missouri, Kansas City