The Effect of Social Cleavages and Institutional Factors of Party System on Upholding Effective Number of Parties: Evidence from 21 European Countries

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Brief Overview

We quantified the decline of classic and the growth of emergent social cleavages in 21 European countries over 34 years. Their translation to party system is significantly channeled via regional party competition, and conditioned by electoral rules.

Authors

• Sylvia Dou, University of Chicago

• Keqing Zhang, Beijing Foreign Studies University