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We analyze 2014–2024 NRA member emails to show how visual and textual cues shift across administrations and major events. Using LLM image classification, topical sentence coding, and co-occurrence networks, we trace messaging strategies.
Hyerin Kwon, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Nick Buttrick, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Jon Pevehouse, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Yini Zhang, University at Buffalo - SUNY
Porismita Borah, Washington State University
Linqi Lu, University of North Dakota
Dhavan V. Shah, University of Wisconsin–Madison