A Systematic Review of Tourette Syndrome: Conceptualization of Tic, Operationalization of Tic, and Treatment

• In Event: Counseling and Human Development

Abstract

This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the conceptualization and operationalization of Tourette Syndrome (TS), including the current diagnosis and treatment approaches. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to identify gaps in knowledge, inconsistencies in research methodology, and regional variations in TS research. Understanding these aspects of TS is crucial for developing more effective diagnosis, treatments and interventions for individuals with this disorder.The results indicate that the etiology and pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome are unclear, with diverse clinical symptoms often accompanied by comorbidities and secondary issues. Treatment methods mainly consist of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and a comprehensive approach may lead to better long-term outcomes.
Keywords:Tourette Syndrome, clinical diagnosis, treatment methods, non-pharmacological interventions, comorbidity symptom

Authors

• Shiqi Chen, Miami University

• Su Jin, Miami University