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This study used in-depth interviews with 37 emergency managers to learn how they encourage citizens to develop emergency plans and kits. We found that, generally, emergency managers rely on a press agentry/publicity model of public relations (Grunig, 1976; 1992). Specifically, they conceptualize communication as a dissemination process rather than a process of research and outcome evaluation. This study calls for an increased focus on helping local emergency managers conduct outcome evaluations of risk communication campaigns.
Shari Veil, University of Oklahoma
Robert Littlefield, North Dakota State University
Katherine Rowan, George Mason Univ