How Varied Governance Approaches Reshape Political Discourse Online in China and the United States

• In Event: Global Perspectives on Popular Culture

Abstract

This study investigates how contrasting approaches to social media governance shape public discourse and political participation in China and the United States. Drawing on media politics and digital governance theories, it examines how state-led versus community-based oversight affects perceptions of political communication and the formation of public opinion. The central research question asks: how do divergent regulatory strategies influence online engagement, the digital divide, and the role of social media in political debates?

Methodologically, this work employs a comparative analysis of policy directives, official statements, and public reactions. In the Chinese context, governance has evolved from campaign-style enforcement (e.g., targeted initiatives) to more institutionalized structures, exemplified by specialized agencies guiding regulatory measures. Meanwhile, the United States traditionally features limited government involvement, instead emphasizing the responsibility of private platforms. However, under recent administrations, heightened concerns over national security and public safety have led to noticeable interventions, revealing a more nuanced balance between government and societal actors.

Key findings indicate that while a state-led system can rapidly implement regulations and shape online narratives, it may also raise questions about the breadth of inclusive dialogue. Conversely, more dispersed governance fosters a plurality of voices but struggles to address misinformation and extremist content consistently. Overall, this comparative perspective sheds light on the tensions between regulation, public engagement, and digital inequality, offering insights into how varied governance models influence social media’s capacity to foster political discussion and diverse viewpoints.

Author

• Chao Song, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences