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Generative AI agents can transform the nature of students’ learning in mathematics. While it is
becoming clearer that many students and educators perceive GenAI as beneficial, we do not yet
know how GenAI interacts with students’ opportunities to learn through productive struggle
(Warshauer, 2015). We designed a think-aloud, task-based interview to examine how college
undergraduates use GenAI to reason through three mathematics tasks. We varied the features of
each task and studied how, when, and how frequently students used GenAI. We further examined
how students’ GenAI uses supported or removed opportunities for productive struggle. Though
the work in our study is preliminary and ongoing, we discuss implications for teaching, task
design, and research when students reason about mathematics with GenAI.