Family Rituals Reflect Coping in Positive Family Environments in the Presence of Maternal PTSD

• In Event: Poster Session 01
  In Poster Session: PS 01 Topic - Family Context & Processes

Abstract

Research shows that maternal depression is associated with a common set of parenting behaviors, where mothers are likely to be intrusive or detached from their young children but that heterogeneity also exists such that many depressed women demonstrate positive parenting outcomes (McCullough & Shaffer, 2014; Goodman et al., 2011; Lovejoy et al., 2000). Less is comparatively known about the impact of PTSD on parenting. A small group of papers suggests that the relationship between PTSD and parenting is minimally understood and may point to greater heterogeneity. A mixed set of findings suggests moderators likely play a significant role in defining the association between PTSD, parenting, and the family process. Extant literature defines PTSD in terms of impairments in mental and physical health, as well as family functioning, following a traumatic experience (Feeny et al., 2000). Our previous work has found that family rituals buffer the risks associated with trauma exposure and PTSD for parents and their children (*Blinded*). These rituals, defined as intentional family processes such as celebrations, traditions, and patterned routines, create a sense of belonging and unity (Fiese et al., 2002; Wolin & Bennett, 1984). Rituals can also positively influence family life by creativing stability and serving as protective factors for individuals (Fiese et al. 1993). Increased family activities are found to be associated with better adjustment and cohesion within families, which supports overall family positivity (Fiese et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2015). Family positivity is measured by the level of enjoyment family members experience by spending time together as well as the warmth, comfort, and affection displayed in their interactions (Halberstadt, 1986, 1991). Our current study aims to better understand the associations between maternal PTSD, family positivity, and family rituals and investigate the context through which PTSD may have differential impacts on parenting. This relationship is important given the persistence of PTSD symptoms over time and the need for interventions that may contribute to positive parenting among mothers who experience PTSD related psychopathology. The current study (N=132) examines a sample of 2-year-old children and their biological mothers, recruited at WIC clinics in a large urban area. Previously, we have demonstrated that families in this sample experience high rates of trauma (*Blinded*).The sample includes: 56% of mothers reporting clinically significant levels of PTSD, 94% identify as Black parents. Measures include mother’s self-reported PTSD (PDS-5; Foa et al., 2016), and family rituals (Family Rituals Questionnaire; Fiese & Kline, 1993). Family positivity was measured using coded observations of triadic interactions (Cox, 1998). Results (PROCESS macro in SPSS; Hayes, 2013) demonstrate a moderated, significant relationship between mother’s PTSD and family rituals (F=8.71, p=.00, R2=.22), but only when family positivity is high (effect =.46, p=.00; CI [.17, .74]). Results suggest that, despite challenges associated with PTSD, positive processes within the family still remain. Furthermore, in cohesive family environments, maternal psychopathology may predict increased family-level coping through rituals. These findings elucidate a strengths-based perspective through which parenting interventions may be informed.

Authors

• Addison M. Duane, Wayne State University
  Presenting Author

• Kathleen Leedy, Wayne State University
  Non-Presenting Author

• Sydney Yourke, Wayne State University
  Non-Presenting Author

• Ahtiya Williams-Phillips, Wayne State University
  Non-Presenting Author

• Brandi Pritchett-Johnson, Wayne State University
  Non-Presenting Author

• Erika London Bocknek, Wayne State University
  Non-Presenting Author