Identity Transformation among LGB+ Adoptive Parents

• In Event: Poster Session 11
  In Poster Session: PS 11 Topic - Family Context & Processes

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Parenthood among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minorities (LGB+) is widely acknowledged as an under-researched concept. This is especially true regarding our understanding of LGB+ parental identity. This original research, which utilizes analysis from in-depth interviews, aims to explore common experiences among LGB+ adoptive parents, both in their attempts to form a family and in their expression of identity after successful adoption. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions: how does an individual’s self-categorization as gay or lesbian influence their identity as an adoptive parent?

FINDINGS
Findings reveal that—with respect to family formation—participants in this sample felt a compelling need to be a parent, and—in their path to parenthood—had to resolve myriad intra- and inter-personal negotiations related to adoption. Unique to adoption (as opposed to surrogacy or donor insemination), some of these family planning considerations pertained to biology (Were genetic history or shared physical attributes important to LGB+ parents in this sample?) and some negotiations pertained to the law (Was adoption by LGB+ couples legal in a focal participant’s state?). Also unique to adoption was the need to establish comfort with an enabling entity like a public or private agency, and/or a birth parent.

With respect to Self Categorization Post Adoption, a primary finding from this research pertains to the de-emphasized LGB+ identities of participants. By identifying as “parents” rather than an LGB+ identity, participants “managed” the potentially stigmatizing aspects of their identity in favor of a more neutral identity. In embracing and embodying parental identities, participants found themselves with an expanded sense of community and belongingness. With respect to the division of child-rearing responsibilities, participants utilized de-gendered/team approaches to parenting, whereby neither parent assumed roles typically associated with masculinity or femininity.

Finally, LGB+ Adoptive Parent Identity was rooted in parental realities. For social and logistical reasons, engaging in an explicitly LGB+ community was perceived by some as anathema to the lifestyle of a parent. Nevertheless, participants noted that fellow (heterosexual) parents were often quick to label them as LGB+, even if no malice was intended. Participants in this study further noted that their very presence in parent groups (e.g., little league) likely normalized the LGB+ experience for other parents, by emphasizing familiarity and similarity. Above all, participants noted that becoming parents normalized LGB+ identities for their own families of origin. The authors hope that this final theme facilitates cohesive and healthy family development at every stage of family life.

IMPLICATIONS
Policies and practice must reflect the understanding that participants do not see a qualitative difference between themselves and mixed-sex parents. Laws governing adoption and the rights of adoptive parents are defined at the state level, despite the fact that same-sex marriage is now legal across the United States. Policy awareness and activism can aid in undoing civil injustices experienced by LGB+ adoptive parents, while also increasing awareness for adoption placement into these homes.

Author

• Brad Forenza, Montclair State University
  Presenting Author