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This study examines the impact of an audit client’s code of ethics on audit fees. By clarifying the boundaries of ethical practice, a code of ethics makes relevant social norms more salient and has potential to deter opportunistic behaviors and business misconduct. Using a sample of U.S firms included in the S&P 500 index, we find that a client with a high-quality code of ethics pays significantly lower audit fees. Our results also suggest that a high-quality code of ethics is associated with less auditor effort and lower litigation risk.
Hong Kim Duong, Old Dominion University
Anh Ngo, Norfolk State University
Anthony Chen, California State University, Fullerton
Giorgio Gotti, University of Texas at El Paso