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In this concurrent triangulation mixed-methods study, we examined the impact professional development (PD) had on teachers' self-efficacy to implement CT-infused elementary science lessons using Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy: verbal persuasion, vicarious experiences, mastery experiences, and physiological and affective states. Data sources for this study included a survey (T-SelECTS), classroom observations, attendance during academic year PD, and focus groups. The results showed that PD sessions influenced teachers' self-efficacy in CT-infused elementary science lessons, although they were not statistically significant. Teachers' self-efficacy declined from year 1 to year 2, with no correlation between attendance of PD sessions, lesson observations, and more. This study contributes to understanding how teachers' self-efficacy changed and the impact self-efficacy had on CT-infused elementary science lessons.
Francheska K. Figueroa, Arizona State University
Ashley Coen, Hood College
Diane Jass Ketelhut, University of Maryland
Brian C. Nelson, Arizona State University
Kristina Kramarczuk, University of Maryland
Janice Mak, Arizona State University
Lin Yan, Arizona State University
Yue Xin, University of Maryland
Ebony Terrell Shockley, University of Maryland
Jeremy Bernier, Clemson University