Trust, Political Ideology, and Carbon Dependence —A Multilevel Analysis of Europeans’ Climate Change Perceptions

• In Event: Environmental Sociology Section Roundtables
  In Refereed Roundtable (60 minute): Table 1: Climate Attitudes, Ideology, and Beliefs

Abstract

Climate change has become an increasingly severe threat, posing substantial disruptions to the ecological system and human society. While many countries around the world continue to increase their greenhouse gas emissions, Europe has made notable progress in mitigating carbon emissions. This study surveys the landscape of Europeans’ perceptions of climate change and explores strategies to strengthen public commitment to the issue. Using data from the latest wave of the European Social Survey in 2023, which includes nearly 30,000 respondents from 28 countries, combined with country-level indicators, we estimate multilevel regression models. The findings indicate that three dimensions of trust (social, political, and institutional)—both individually and interactively—significantly enhance individuals’ sense of responsibility for addressing the climate crisis. At the same time, a pronounced political divide persists, with individuals leaning toward the political left expressing greater concern than their right-leaning counterparts. Furthermore, greater carbon dependence undermines perceived personal responsibility. These results contribute to existing literature and carry important policy implications. Boosting public awareness of climate risks and fostering civic engagement are essential for motivating government action and advancing effective pro-climate policies.

Author

• Feng Hao, University of South Florida