The Effect of Gunshot Detection Technology on Gun Violence and Case Clearance in Chicago and Kansas City: Results From a Synthetic Control Evaluation

• In Event: The Efficacy of Gunshot Detection Systems in U.S. Cities

Abstract

Gunshot Detection Technology (GDT) has been heralded as a tool that can greatly assist in the development of problem-oriented policing strategies. However, the research literature on GDT is underdeveloped in many ways. GDT evaluations commonly incorporate quasi-experimental designs that lack comparable control conditions. Certain potential benefits of GDT, such as increased case closure, have received little empirical attention. The current study helps to fill these knowledge gaps through an evaluation of the GDT systems in Chicago, IL and Kansas City, MO. The Kansas City Police Department installed GDT in October 2012, with the target area covering approximately 3.5 square miles and remaining unchanged to this day. Conversely, the Chicago Police Department installed GDT over approximately 3.0 square miles in August 2012 with the coverage area expanding to over 100 square miles by February 2017. In both cities, we compare violent crime incidence and case closure rates over a 14-year (7 pre- and 7 post-GDT installation) study period. The micro-synthetic control group method is used to create a weighted control group that is statistically equivalent to the GDT zone, thus approximating the conditions of a randomized experiment. This matched, case control design improves upon quasi-experimental methodologies used in prior studies.

Authors

• Eric L. Piza, Northeastern University

• George Mohler, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

• Jeremy Carter, Indiana University