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Missing data can further exacerbate the degree of marginalization when monitoring SDG 4 targets. Based on existing datasets used by the UIS monitoring platform, we draw on the current literature that underscores compounding educational inequalities to propose a more comprehensive framework for learning, access and attainment indicators. The framework allows the identification of missing groups, accounting for key drivers by educational stages and expanding the levels where inequalities are measured: at the learner level and then moving up to their households, schools, and communities. New layers of inequality incorporate channels of inequalities based on disability, bullying, work, parental education, teacher qualifications, and school characteristics. The framework further incorporates contextual factors including geography, neighborhood poverty, and sub-systems features (e.g., school type) are prominent categories, as well as social norms.