ESHS/HSS Annual Meeting

Andrew Mackay, the East India Company and teaching navigation in London c. 1800

• In Event: Instruments and Imperialism: Markets, Networks, and Patronage in the World of James Dinwiddie (1746-1815)

English Abstract

Following the trajectory of the mathematician, astronomer and navigation teacher Andrew Mackay (1758-1809) from Aberdeen to London, this paper highlights how the East India Company influenced his choices. Largely self-taught, Mackay developed a successful career in Scotland, benefitting from patronage of the professor of mathematics, Patrick Copland. An unpaid role at the university’s observatory, two honorary degrees, fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and energetic mathematical publishing and networking all helped Mackay earn a living through teaching. In 1800, he narrowly lost the (possibly rigged) election for the chair of mathematics at King’s College, Aberdeen, and a court case contesting the result, so looked to London for other opportunities. He had previously declined offers from Nevil Maskelyne, the astronomer royal, holding out hope for the university position, and now found himself among the many practical mathematicians offering their skills to the city’s merchant navy and trading companies. The EIC generated demand by requiring ships’ commanders to show mathematical competence while leaving the necessary training and supply of books and instruments to private businesses. Maskelyne’s continued support helped, but Mackay also established connections with London instrument makers and mariners. Appointed examiner to the EIC, and located on Tower Hill, he was well placed to profit from his teaching and publications. His sudden death in 1809 left his widow with eight children, however, and it was to London institutions and friends that she turned for support.

Author

• Rebekah Higgitt, National Museums Scotland