ESHS/HSS Annual Meeting

Max Wolf and Commercialized Lantern Slides: A Complicated Relationship

• In Event: Science and Education 2: Practice

English Abstract

At the turn of the twentieth century, photographic lantern slides became an increasingly important medium for university lectures, school teaching, and the popularization of science in Germany. From the 1890s onward, Lichtbildvorträge (illustrated lectures) were regarded as indispensable in science education. This growing demand illustration material created a flourishing market, with numerous companies seeking to supply slides – particularly in astronomy. Because only a handful of individuals practiced astronomical photography, many firms turned to one figure in particular: Max Wolf. As one of the pioneers of astrophotography, the Heidelberg astronomer quickly gained recognition beyond the scientific community. Beginning in the early 1900s, several German companies approached him to request permission for reproducing his photographs, which they intended to rent or sell to universities, schools, and popularizers. Drawing on Wolf’s correspondence with producers of commercially traded lantern slides, this paper examines their negotiations, conflicts, and differing expectations regarding the quality of astronomical images. It shows how companies sought to enlist Wolf both financially and symbolically, presenting his participation as a contribution to public education (Volksbildung). In addition, it explores the diverse formats of commercial science popularization in early twentieth century Germany and the competing firms active in this market. Finally, it highlights Wolf’s own distinction between “astronomical” and “photographic” care in handling photographs.

Author

• Torsten Bendl, Universität Regensburg