Digital Inclusion: Bridging the Third-Level Digital Divides

• In Event: New Measures, New Methods, and New Theories I

Abstract

Bridging the digital divides has been an important issue in many countries. However, it was found that the original definition of digital divide (the gap on access) and the second level of digital divide are not enough to explain digital inequality. More focus should be put on digital inclusion, especially on the outcomes that resulted from using the Internet (the third-level digital divide). Starting from here, this study examines factors affecting how Internet users take use of the Internet and develops a theory of digital inclusion, with a focus on the outcomes of Internet use. We focus on using the Internet for civic participation, online banking, and online learning, because these three are critical for a person to be fully included in the digital society. A survey was conducted by applying social cognitive theory for Internet adoption. The results showed that enactive learning and education are the keys for shortening the third-level digital divides.

Author

• Hsin-yi Sandy Tsai, National Chiao Tung University