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The transformative ethos underpinning the Cuban Revolution aimed at the creation of the New Socialist Man as conceived by Che Guevara. This was to be achieved through the expansion of culture and education and the instillation of Marxist-Leninist ideology and philosophy of history. As a materialisation of history, monuments were considered as key devices for the reification and public spread of the official ideology. This paper explores how the Cuban Revolution generated a new public monumental aesthetic canon resulting from the competing demands of party bureaucrats and artists. It argues that artists sustained a hidden transcript of resistance by promoting abstract art, under the increasing pressure of the regime to develop a monumental public symbolic and material space following Soviet socialist realist models. The paper focuses in the period of higher socio-cultural repression between the mid 1970s and the start of the Special Period in 1990. Here, artistic resistance took place within a quasi totalitarian framework devoid of a civil society where the State held total control of the economy and largely permeated the social fabric. Following the terminology developed by Michael Herzfeld, the paper argues that during this period Cuba was a crypto-colony of the Soviet Union, in which national culture was reshaped to suit foreign models.