Manifestos, Experts and the Public: Building Better Measures of European Party Positions

• In Event: The Party Speaks: Responsiveness and Party Communication

Brief Overview

In this paper, we compare and contrast the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to estimating ideological positions of political parties in Europe.

Authors

• Ryan Bakker, University of Essex

• Seth Jolly, Syracuse University

• Jonathan Polk, University of Gothenburg