Poster #50 - Correlates of Parent- and Youth- Reported ODD Dimensions in Youth Infected or Affected by Perinatally-Acquired HIV

• In Event: 1-005 - Poster Session 01
  In Poster Session: PS 01 Section - Developmental Psychopathology

Integrative Statement

Although oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) typically is examined as a single dimensional construct, recent studies suggest that a two-factor model distinguishing “emotional” (i.e., angry/ irritable mood) and “behavioral” (e.g., argumentative/defiant behavior) symptom dimensions may better characterize the disorder (Burke et al., 2014; Stringaris & Goodman, 2009), a change also incorporated into DSM-5. Research indicates that the emotional dimension predicts depression and anxiety, whereas the behavioral dimension predicts externalizing disorders. However, few studies have explored contextual correlates of these dimensions or multiple informants of ODD dimensions. Finally, there is a dearth of literature exploring two-dimensional models of ODD among pediatric populations (e.g., youth with perinatally-acquired human immunodeficiency virus; PHIV) who may be at increased risk for behavior problems (Pinquart & Shen, 2011). The current study addresses these gaps by exploring parenting and family factors as correlates of parent- and youth-reported emotional and behavioral ODD symptom dimensions among youth either infected or affected by PHIV.
Participants included youth PHIV-infected (n=314) and PHIV-affected (i.e., residing with a sibling with PHIV, n=254) aged 6-17 years (M=12.88, SD=3.08; 51% male; 85% Black or Latino/a) who were recruited through the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group from 29 sites in US and Puerto Rico. Caregivers and youth reported on youth ODD symptoms using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4 and caregivers reported on their own depressive symptoms using the Adult Symptom Inventory-4 (Gadow & Sprafkin, 2008). Caregivers also reported on parent-child interactions using the Parent’s Report (Cohen et al., 1977) and family environment using the Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1994). Two structural equation models were tested, one for parent-reported and one for youth-reported ODD dimensions. Predictors included parenting and family factors, as well as sex, age, HIV status (infected or affected), and whether youth resided with a non-biological caregiver.
Both models provided a good fit to the data. For parent-reported ODD dimensions, the emotional symptoms dimension was predicted by maternal depression (β= .10, p<.05), family conflict (β= .24, p<.001), control through guilt (β= .13, p<.01), and consistency (β= -.16, p<.001); the behavioral symptoms dimension was predicted by living with a non-biological caregiver (β= -.10, p<.05), maternal depression (β= .13, p<.01), family conflict (β= .29, p<.001), control through guilt (β= .14, p<.01), and consistency (β= -.16, p<.001). For youth-reported ODD symptoms, the emotional symptoms dimension was predicted by female sex (β= -.13, p<.05), being HIV affected (β= -.17, p<.01), family organization (β= .12, p<.05), and consistency (β= -.14, p<.05); the behavioral symptom dimensions was predicted by family organization (β= .14, p<.05) and consistency (β= -.21, p<.001). The current study provides novel evidence for shared and distinct family and demographic correlates of ODD symptom dimensions indexed by multiple informants. Across informants, consistency predicted both emotional and behavioral symptom dimensions, whereas maternal depression, family conflict, control through guilt, and family organization demonstrated some specificity in their predictions. The present findings can inform etiological and risk models and potentially improve youth outcomes by tailoring interventions to target parenting and family factors related to each dimension.

Authors

• Ijeoma Osigwe, Temple University
  Presenting Author

• Deborah A.G. Drabick, Temple University
  Non-Presenting Author

• Kenneth Gadow, Stony Brook University
  Non-Presenting Author

• Sharon Nachman, Stony Brook University
  Non-Presenting Author