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This study examines nanotechnology policy design, implementation and outcomes in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, from 2000 to 2016. The analysis is placed in the context of science, technology and innovation policy emulation and adaptation. The dimensions analyzed are partially based on the 2008 OECD Survey on Nanotechnology in order to facilitate broader international comparison. They include: policy design; instruments and funding; actors engaged in nanotechnology governance; ELS (Ethical, Legal and Social) and EHS (Environmental, Health and Safety) issues. Some indicators of scientific performance (publications; research personnel and university training) and business performance (patents, number of nanotechnology firms and density of the nanotechnology production chain) are used to assess nanotechnology policy outcomes. Main results show similar timing, goals and instruments of the policies in the three countries. The common goal of increasing competitiveness was reflected in actions oriented to the productive sector; however, they lacked coordination and sustainability. Governance was mostly limited to government, scientists and, to a less extent, business actors, with restricted spaces for civil society. ELS aspects remained largely unaddressed, while EHS issues emerged recently as increasingly important matters in Brazil and Mexico, in the context of the international regulatory discussion. Regarding policy outcomes, the three countries enhanced their human and material scientific capabilities. Companies in Brazil and Mexico were more dynamic in adopting nanotechnology; however the number of companies that perform R&D and more complex forms of innovation are scant. In all countries, most companies area situated in the intermediate and final bonds of the production chain.